pg 4, 4.1.9 "On one occasion in 2015, during a sourcing visit to Ethiopia we came across an issue with young children accompanying their parents to work and sitting with them as they sorted coffee beans–this represented a child labour risk. Whilst the supplier in question was actually outside of our direct supply chain, we took appropriate steps to highlight the problem to the cooperative management and other stakeholders. With further investigation, we understood that the dependency ratio (children: parents) in families in the area is high due to children being orphaned by the impacts of HIV/ AIDSand taken in by other relatives. In this scenario, parents find it difficult to finance access to education for every child in their care.We worked with the cooperative to review their approach to training and communications on child labour and with the assistance of other key stake holders pushed forward some community-level engagement on child rights and child protection. Key learning outcomes from this case included that understanding the root causes for forced labour is very important to planning remedial actions, engaging the local community can be very helpful in policing and preventing further abuses, and, we should do our utmost to ensure the farmers in our supply chain receive a fair price for their coffee."