When companies seek to acquire or lease land for their business activities, this can lead to relocation and loss of shelter or livelihoods for communities or individual households (IFC, 2012b). In countries where national governance and land administration are weak, local and indigenous communities are more exposed to rights violations and displacement (WRI, 2017).

A note on the scoring system

Wikirate uses a standardized 10-point scoring system to enable comparison of company scores across different benchmarks. In the Nature Benchmark, companies can earn 1 point per indicator, which are then added together and calculated as a percentage of the total score for a measurement area (MA) to determine the final score for the MA. The overall Wikirate score is calculated by combining these scores with the appropriate weightings, and converting them to a 10-point scale. For instance, if a company achieves a final score of 50, the corresponding Rating will be 5.