Conservation refers to how a company prevents the loss and degradation of species, habitats and ecological functions throughout its operations and value chain. It spans the avoid–minimise - restore hierarchy and includes:

• protecting high-biodiversity-value areas (e.g., Key Biodiversity Areas, primary forests, wetlands);

• integrating conservation set-asides or ecological corridors into site planning;

• restoring degraded ecosystems to native or near-natural conditions;

• financing or partnering in landscape- or seascape-level conservation programmes;

• monitoring species or habitat indicators to verify conservation outcomes.