Water Management assesses how a company governs the full water cycle - withdrawal, consumption, treatment, discharge and stewardship - across its operations and value chain. It covers:

• context-based risk assessment (basin stress, seasonal variability, shared-user conflicts) and integration into corporate strategy;
• setting and monitoring of water-quantity targets (absolute and intensity) and water-quality standards (chemical, thermal, biological) for effluent;
• efficient technologies and processes (closed-loop cooling, membrane filtration, zero-liquid-discharge, water-efficient product design);
• treatment, reuse and recycling systems, plus sourcing of alternative supplies (rain-water, reclaimed wastewater, desalinated water) to ease pressure on freshwater basins;
• engagement with local stakeholders and catchment initiatives to protect ecosystem services and meet frameworks such as GRI 303, EU ESRS E3 and SDG 6.