Lobbying & Political Engagement assesses influence over policy and how transparently that activity is governed:

• Direct & indirect spend: in-house lobbying costs, external-lobbyist fees, trade-association dues and coalition contributions.
• Issue disclosure: topics, positions and recipients of spending, aligned with public registers (EU, US) and GRI 415.
• Governance controls: board oversight, approval thresholds, code of conduct for political activities and alignment with ESG commitments.