Lobbying Expenditures reviews how much a company spends to influence public policy and regulation - and how transparently it discloses that spending. It covers:

• direct lobbying outlays (in-house staff time, external lobbyists, consultants) aimed at legislators and regulators at all government levels;
• indirect lobbying through industry associations, trade groups, think tanks and coalitions, including membership dues and special-purpose contributions;
• disclosure of issues and positions targeted (e.g., climate, tax, labor, data privacy) and alignment between lobbying activity and publicly stated ESG commitments;
• governance and oversight - the board’s role, approval processes, internal controls and periodic reviews - to ensure lobbying is legal, ethical and in the company’s long-term stakeholder interests.