Energy Intensity measures the amount of energy consumed (usually in megawatt-hours or joules) per unit of business output - such as per tonne of product, vehicle manufactured, square-metre of floor space, full-time employee, or unit of revenue/value added. The topic covers:

• boundary setting for Scope 1 and Scope 2 energy use (and, where relevant, energy attributable to key Scope 3 activities like outsourced manufacturing);
• selection of the most decision-useful denominator (physical output, service delivered, or financial metric) for each business segment;
• tracking and validating intensity trends over time to reveal genuine efficiency gains versus changes in production mix;
• integration of energy-efficiency targets, capital-expenditure plans and operational practices (e.g., ISO 50001, continuous improvement) aimed at reducing the ratio, not just absolute use.