Climate Risk Management assesses how a company systematically identifies, quantifies, mitigates and discloses the physical, transition and liability risks posed by climate change across its operations, supply chain and markets. It covers:

• physical risks - acute (storms, floods, wildfires, heatwaves) and chronic (sea-level rise, temperature and precipitation shifts) - and their impact on assets, logistics, workforce safety and input availability;
transition risks linked to policy, technology, market and reputation as the world moves toward a low-carbon economy (e.g., carbon pricing, renewable-energy penetration, changing customer preferences);liability risks arising from climate-related litigation, insurance exclusions and fiduciary-duty claims;integration of scenario analysis, stress testing and shadow carbon pricing into enterprise-risk frameworks, capital planning and strategy;governance structures (board oversight, management committees), data systems and key metrics (value-at-risk, internal carbon price, resilience capex) aligned with guidance from TCFD/ISSB, EU ESRS E1 and relevant industry standards.