Clean and Renewable Energy evaluates a company’s shift from fossil-based power and heat to energy sources with near-zero lifecycle greenhouse-gas emissions and minimal environmental harm. It encompasses:

• direct generation or procurement of renewable electricity (solar PV, on-shore/off-shore wind, small-scale hydro, geothermal);
• adoption of low-carbon heat solutions (heat pumps, solar thermal, geothermal heat, green hydrogen, renewable biomass with sustainability safeguards);
• long-term power-purchase agreements (PPAs), on-site installations and participation in renewable-energy attribute certificate systems (e.g., GOs, RECs, I-RECs) that meet market-based Scope 2 accounting criteria;
• investment in enabling technologies - battery storage, smart-grid integration, demand-response, micro-grids - to maximise renewable penetration and grid stability;
• science-based targets, governance and disclosure of renewable-energy share (electricity and thermal) in line with frameworks such as EU ESRS E1, GRI 302-1/302-4, RE100 criteria and ISSB/TCFD guidance.