Circular Economy Strategies examines how a company embeds closed-loop principles across its business model - shifting from the linear take-make-waste paradigm to systems that design out waste, keep materials and products in use, and regenerate natural capital. The topic encompasses:

• corporate-level circular visions, policies and governance structures;
• integration of circularity into product and packaging design (e.g., durability, modularity, recyclability, bio-based inputs);
• business-model innovations such as leasing, product-as-a-service, sharing platforms, repair and remanufacture schemes;
• value-chain collaboration for secondary-material sourcing, reverse logistics and industrial symbiosis;
• measurable targets and KPIs (material circularity, recycled-content share, waste avoided, revenue from circular models) that track progress toward EU ESRS E5, SDG 12 and other framework requirements.