A Biodiversity Impact Assessment (BIA) is the systematic process a company uses to identify, measure, evaluate and prioritise the actual and potential effects its operations, supply chain and products have on species, habitats and ecosystem services, as well as its dependencies on those same ecological assets. A robust BIA:

• spans the entire value chain and life-cycle, from raw-material sourcing to end-of-life;

• applies the mitigation hierarchy (avoid, minimise, restore, offset) and nature-positive principles;

• quantifies impacts and dependencies in spatially-explicit terms (e.g., hectares affected, species-population trends, MSA, rLEI or similar metrics);

• feeds into risk management, target-setting and disclosure frameworks such as TNFD’s LEAP and ESRS E4.